• Tanden Constitution (English Version)
  CONSTITUTION FOR TANZANIANS IN DENMARK ASSOCIATION (TANDEN)
  PART ONE: NAME AND PURPOSE
  1. Name of association is Tanzanians in Denmark Association, or as acronym TANDEN.
  2. Headquarters of the Association is in Copenhagen.
  3. Aims and Objectives of the Association are as follows:
  a. To unite and bring together Tanzanians living in Denmark without prejudice to their beliefs and religions, political affiliations or tribal origins.
  b. To give preference important issues pertaining to our national development in various aspects including education, health, entrepreneurship, tourism, social welfare, etc.
  PART TWO: MEMBERSHIP
  MEMBERSHIP CONDITIONS:
  Any person is allowed to be TANDAN member given he or she satisfies the following conditions:
  1. Being citizen of the United Republic of Tanzania with age not below 16 years. Being citizen should be taken to mean:
  a. Tanzanian citizen by virtue of birth (native)
  b. Tanzanian through naturalization through legal immigration process.
  c. Having paid membership entry fees.
  d. Having paid annual membership contribution
  e. Having paid any other contributions as agreed upon by TANDEN.
  2. Any person being a non-citizen of United Republic of Tanzania may be allowed to be TANDEN member if she or he satisfies any of the following conditions:
  a. She or he is a former citizen of the United Republic of Tanzania and now has another citizenship.
  b. She or he is a biological child of a citizen or former citizen of the United Republic of Tanzania.
  c. She is in a marital bond with a citizen or former citizen of the United Republic of Tanzania.
  d. Having paid membership entry fees.
  e. Having paid annual membership contribution
  f. Having paid any other contributions as agreed upon by TANDEN.
  PROCEDURES FOR REQUESTING MEMBERSHIP, SETTING OF ENTRY FEES AND OTHER MEMBERSHIP DUES
  1. Anyone interested to join TANDEN is welcome to send application through TANDEN leaders.
  2. TANDEN Central Committee will make the final decision about membership applications.
  3. Anybody who resolves to be TANDEN member should abide to the following conditions:
  a. Pay membership entry fees.
  b. Pay annual membership dues.
  c. Submit all contributions agreed upon with TANDEN
  4. Levels and amounts of entry fees, annual dues and contributions will be set by TANDEN Central Committee and specified on TANDEN Guidelines of monetary expenses.
  MEMBERSHIP EXPIRATION
  Membership will expire by
  1. Resignation.
  2. Expulsion according to this constitution.
  3. Not abiding to membership conditions described in section II above.
  MEMBERSHIP RESIGNATION
  1. A TANDEN member can resign from being so at any time by writing a letter to TANDEN leadership for this effect.
  2. TANDEN members may expel a fellow member if they observe that the member has failed to abide to the membership conditions for example nonpayment of annual fees, dues and contributions or non participation in TANDEN activities.
  3. A TANDEN member whose membership has expired for any reason will not be refunded the fees, dues and contributions made while being a member.
  4. A TANDEN member who is expelled can apply for membership again through normal membership application procedures.
  5. A TANDEN member who has resigned can apply for membership again through normal membership application procedures.
  MEMBERSHIP RIGHTS
  A TANDEN member has the following rights
  1. Right to participate in all TANDEN activities through following established procedures.
  2. Right to attend and give opinion to TANDEN meetings whenever related according to this constitution.
  3. Right to seek election to be leader of TANDEN and participate in election of TANDEN leaders.
  4. Right to forum for explanation and self expression on any TANDEN meeting related to any complaints lodged against the member and appeal to any higher level TANDEN meeting if not satisfied with ruling in any TANDEN meeting.
  PART THREE: LEADERSHIP
  QUALIFICATIONS
  1. Two of the top TANDEN leaders must have stayed in Denmark for at least three years and can speak Danish.
  2. Leadership will terminated by:
  a. Self resignation by the leader.
  b. Being terminated according to this constitution.
  c. Being expelled according to this constitution.
  3. A leader is expelled or whose leadership is terminated may seek election to any leadership position and her or his election bid will be evaluated by the meeting that decided expulsion or termination in the first place.
  4. A TANDEN member seeking election to leadership will not be accepted into the sought position till she or he has won more than half of the valid votes cast during election.
  5. During elections to fill many positions acceptance to contested position will be considered according to whose candidate has won most votes without necessity of winning more than half of the valid votes cast.
  TOP LEADERSHIP
  The TANDEN Chairman:
  1. Will be elected by the TANDEN General meeting and will be in this position for two years although may seek re-election once after expiration of first leadership tenure. After being in this position for two tenures, the chairman will not be allowed to run for re-election until one leadership tenure is passed without him being part of it.
  2. Will be the chair the TANDEN General Meeting and Central committee meetings.
  3. Will be main representative of TANDEN.
  4. Besides basic right to vote, will have a deciding vote in case votes for two competing sides are equal.
  The TANDEN Secretary
  1. Will be elected by the TANDEN General meeting and will be in this position for two years although may seek re-election once after expiration of first leadership tenure. After being in this position for two tenures, the secretary will not be allowed to run for re-election until one leadership tenure is passed without him being part of it.
  2. Will be secretary the TANDEN General Meeting and Central committee meetings.
  3. Will be the top executive of TANDEN and will work under leadership of the TANDEN Central Committee.
  4. Will convene the TANDEN General and Central Committee meetings.
  5. Will record minutes of all meetings and all records thereof.
  The TANDEN Treasurer
  1. Will be elected by the General meeting and will be in this position for two years although may seek re-election once after expiration of first leadership tenure. After being in this position for two tenures, the secretary will not be allowed to run for re-election until one leadership tenure is passed without him being part of it.
  2. Will supervise all matters pertaining to finances and properties.
  3. Will prepare reports on income and expenditure.
  4. Will prepare and provide to the Central Committee meetings names of members who have not paid their annual dues.
  MEETINGS
  TANDEN will have the following meetings
  1. The General Meeting.
  2. The Central Committee.
  3. Emergency Meeting.
  The General Meeting will be the highest meeting above all others and will have final authority on all TANDEN Matters
  There will be two General meetings every year. The first will take place in the second week of May and the second will take place on the second week of November. However, an extraordinary (emergency) meeting may take place any time if called by the Chairman or on request by two thirds of TANDEN members.
  Notice of General Meeting must be given not less than a month before commencement of the meeting. However, a short notice may be given for the extraordinary meeting.
  The General Meeting will be chaired by the TANDEN Chairman and if the Chairman is absent one of the top leaders, that is, Secretary or Treasurer will lead this meeting. If all the three top leaders are absent, the Central committee will choose any among committee members to be temporary chairman. The Central Committee will meet even if all top leaders are absent.
  Functions of the TANDEN General Meeting will be
  1. To receive and articulate on the reports of TANDEN work produced by the TANDEN Central Committee and giving directions for implementation of TANDEN objectives in the coming period.
  2. To confirm, change, reject or breach any decision by any other TANDEN meeting or leader.
  3. To change any part of the TANDEN constitution by agreement of two thirds of voting member in attendance.
  4. During election time:
  a. To choose TANDEN Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer.
  b. To form committees of the General meeting as may be deem relevant.
  The following will attend Central Committee meetings:
  1. TANDEN Chairperson
  2. Secretary
  3. Treasurer
  4. Committee Chairpersons
  5. Representatives from Fyn and Jutland.
  MEETINGS OF THE TANDEN CENTRAL COMMITTEE
  1. The Central Committee will hold two ordinary meetings within each year. However, the Central Committee may hold an extraordinary meeting anytime if a valid need arise or when directed by a more superior meeting.
  2. Within meetings of the TANDEN Central Committee, a decision will be reached through general consensus or by majority of voting members in attendance. For a decision to be valid it must be supported by at least two thirds of voting members.
  3. Central Committee meetings will be chaired by the TANDEN Chairman, in his/her absence any of the top TANDEN leaders will assume chairmanship of the meeting.
  FUNCTIONS OF THE TANDEN CENTRAL COMMITTEE
  1. To prepare constitution, regulations and procedures to govern various TANDEN activities.
  2. To prepare TANDEN General Meeting.
  3. To deal with relationships between TANDEN and other organizations such as Societies of Tanzanians living abroad.
  4. To develop and modify TANDEN organization within various areas and sectors as may be desired.
  5. To propose termination of leadership to a TANDEN leader if it sees that the leader's situation, actions and behavior is no longer consistent with being TANDEN leader. However, the TANDEN General Meeting will have the final decision about this matter.
  6. To propose termination of membership to any TANDEN member if the member consistently fail to meet membership requirements. However, the TANDEN General Meeting will have the final decision about this matter.
  ATTENDANCE LEVELS REQUIRED FOR REACHING DECISION
  The amount of votes required to reach decision or to fill open leadership position is at least more than 50% of all members.
  RESIGNATION FROM LEADERSHIP, COMMITTEE OR GENERAL MEMBERSHIP
  1. The member wishing to resign will express so through a resignation letter sent to the TANDEN secretary.
  2. The leader wishing to resign will express so through a resignation letter sent to another TANDEN leader.
  3. A leader may also express intention to resign within the meeting that elected the leader in the first place.
  4. Any member of any meeting depicted in the constitution will cease being member of that meeting if the member will fail to attend three consecutive meetings without reasons acceptable by this particular meeting.
  

• Katiba yetu (Kwa Lugha ya Kiswahili)
  KATIBA YA TANZANIA DENMARK ASSOCIATION (TANDEN) 

  SEHEMU YA KWANZA: JINA NA MADHUMUNI
  1. Jina la Chama litakuwa Tanzania Denmark Association, kwa kifupi TANDEN.
  2. Makao Makuu ya TANDEN yatakuwa Copenhagen
  3. Kwa hiyo Malengo na Madhumuni ya TANDEN yatakuwa yafuatayo:-
  (a) Kuwaunganisha na kuwakutanisha watanzania waishio hapa Denmark bila kujali dini zao, itikadi zao za kisiasa, au kabila zao.
  (b) Kuyapa kipaumbele mambo muhimu yanayohusu maendeleo ya nchi yetu katika nyanja mbalimbali kama vile Elimu, Afya, Uwekezaji, Utalii, Ustawi wa jamii n.k.

  SEHEMU YA PILI: UANACHAMA
  I: Masharti ya uanachama:
  Mtu yeyote anaruhusiwa kuwa mwanachama wa TANDEN kama atatimiza masharti yafuatayo:
  1. Raia yeyote wa Tanzania mwenye umri usiopungua miaka 16
  Tunaposema raia wa Tanzania tunamaanisha:
  • mtanzania mwenye uraia wa kuzaliwa (mzalendo).
  • mtanzania mwenye uraia wa kuandikishwa.
  2. Mtu yeyote asiyekuwa raia wa Tanzania ataruhusiwa kuwa mwanachama wa TANDEN kama atatimiza masharti yafuatao
  • alikuwa na uraia wa au asili ya Tanzania pamoja na kwamba hivi sasa ana uraia wa nchi nyingine
  • mtoto ambaye mzazi/wazazi wake wana asili ya Tanzania hata kama watakuwa na uraia wa nchi nyingine
  3. Atatoa kiingilio cha Uanachama
  4. Atalipa ada ya mwaka ya Uanachama
  5. Atatoa michango yoyote itakayoamuliwa na chama

  II: Utaratibu wa kuomba Uanachama, Kiingilio na Ada za Uanachama
  (1) Mtu yeyote anayependa kujiunga na TANDEN anakaribishwa kupeleka maombi yake kupitia kwa viongozi wa TANDEN
  (2) Kamati kuu ya TANDEN itakaa chini na kutoa uamuzi wa mwisho kuhusu maombi ya uanachama.
  (3) Mtu akikubali kuwa mwanachama wa TANDEN itabibi atekeleze yafuatayo
  (i) Atatoa kiingilio cha uanachama ambacho ni kroner 50
  (ii) Atalipa ada ya unanachama kwa mwaka ambayo ni kroner 100
  (iii) Atatoa michango yote iatakayokubaliwa na chama
  (4) Viwango vya kiingilio, ada na michango vitawekwa na kamati kuu ya TANDEN.

  III: Kikomo cha Uanachama
  Uanachama wa mwanachama utakwisha kwa:-
  (a) Kujiuzulu mwenyewe
  (b) Kuachishwa kwa mujibu wa Katiba
  (c) Kutotimiza masharti ya uanachama kama yalivyotajwa katika sehemu ya pili hapo juu

  IV: Kujitoa Uwanachama
  (1) Mwanachama anaweza kujitoa kwenye chama wakati wowote ule kwa hiari yake mwenyewe kwa kuandika barua kwa viongozi wa chama
  (2) Wanachama wa TANDEN wanaweza kumwondoa mwanachama mwenzao kama wakiona kuwa mwanachama huyo ameshindwa kutimiza masharti ya uananachama e.g. kutolipa ada ya mwaka, michango ya chama, kutoshiriki katika shughuli za chama
  (3) Mwanachama ambaye uanachama wake umekwisha kwa sababu yoyote ile hatarudishiwa kiingilio alichokitoa, ada aliyotoa wala michango yoyote aliyoitoa.
  (4) Mwanachama aliyeachishwa au kufukuzwa Uanachama akitaka kuingia tena katika chama, itabidi aombe upya na atapeleka maombi yake kwa viongozi wa TANDEN
  (5) Mwanachama aliyejiuzulu akitaka kuingia tena katika TANDEN ataomba upya kujiunga na chama kwa kufuata utaratibu wa kuomba Uanachama kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya TANDEN.

  V: Haki za mwanachama
  Mwanachama yeyote atakuwa na haki zifuatazo:-
  (1) Haki ya kushiriki katika shughuli zote za TANDEN kwa kufuata utaratibu uliowekwa.
  (2) Haki ya kuhudhuria na kutoa maoni yake katika mikutano ya TANDEN pale ambapo anahusika kwa mujibu wa Katiba.
  (3) Haki ya kuomba kuchaguliwa kuwa Kiongozi wa TANDEN na ya kuchagua viongozi wake kwa mujibu wa katiba ya TANDEN
  (4) Haki ya kujitetea au kutoa maelezo yake mbele ya Kikao cha TANDEN kinachohusika katika mashtaka yoyote yaliyotolewa juu yake, pamoja na haki ya kukata rufani ya kwenda katika Kikao cha juu zaidi cha TANDEN kama kipo endapo hakuridhika na hukumu iliyotolewa.

  SEHEMU YA TATU: VIONGOZI
  I: Sifa za kiongozi
  (1) Wawili kati ya viongozi wakuu wa TANDEN ni lazima wawe wamekaa hapa Denmark muda usiopungua miaka mitatu (3) na wanaweza kuongea kidenish.

  Uongozi wa kiongozi utakoma kwa:-
  (a) Kujiuzulu mwenyewe.
  (b) Kuachishwa kwa mujibu wa Katiba.
  (c) Kufukuzwa kwa mujibu wa Katiba.

  (2) Kiongozi aliyeachishwa au kufukuzwa uongozi anaweza kuomba tena nafasi ya uongozi wowote na maombi yake yatafikiriwa na kutolewa uamuzi na kikao kilichomwachisha au kumfukuza uongozi.
  (3) Mwanachama anayeomba nafasi ya uongozi wa aina yoyote katika TANDEN
  hatakubaliwa kuwa amechaguliwa mpaka awe amepata zaidi ya nusu ya kura halali zilizopigwa.
  (4) Katika uchaguzi wa kujaza nafasi nyingi kwa pamoja, ushindi utahesabiwa kwa kufuata wingi wa kura alizopata mwombaji wa nafasi hiyo zaidi ya wenzake, bila kujali kama kura hizi zinafikia nusu ya kura halali zilizopigwa.
  S NNE AO VYA TAIFA
  II: Viongozi wakuu wa TANDEN
  1. Mwenyekiti:
  • Atachaguliwa na mkutano mkuu wa TANDEN na atakuwa kwenye nafasi hiyo ya uongozi kwa muda wa miaka 2 lakini anaweza kuchaguliwa tena mara moja baada ya muda huo kumalizika. Baada ya kuwa madarakani kwa awamu mbili, kiongozi hataruhusiwa kugombea mpaka iwe imepita awamu moja bila yeye kuwa madarakani.
  • Atakuwa mwenyekiti wa mkutano mkutano TANDEN, Kamati kuu ya TANDEN
  • Mwakilishi mkuu wa TANDEN
  • Katika mikutano yote anayoiongoza, zaidi ya kuwa na kura yake ya kawaida mwenyekiti atakuwa na kura ya uamuzi endapo kura za wajumbe walioafiki na kutoafikiana zitalingana.

  2. Katibu:
  a. Atachaguliwa na mkutano mkuu wa TANDEN na atakuwa kwenye nafasi hiyo ya uongozi kwa muda wa miaka 2, lakini anaweza kuchaguliwa tena baada ya muda huo kumalizika. Baada ya kuwa madarakani kwa awamu mbili, kiongozi hataruhusiwa kugombea mpaka iwe imepita awamu moja bila yeye kuwa madarakani.
  b. Atakuwa katibu wa mkutano mkuu wa TANDEN, Kamati kuu ya TANDEN
  • Atakuwa ndiye mtendaji mkuu wa TANDEN na atafanyakazi chini ya uongozi wa Kamati kuu ya TANDEN.
  • Atakuwa na jukumu la kuitisha mkutano mkuu wa TANDEN, Kamati kuu ya TANDEN.
  • Kuandika mhitasari wa vikao vyote vya TANDEN na kutunza kumbukumbu za mikutano yote ya TANDEN.

  3. Mwekahazina
  • Atachaguliwa na mkutano mkuu wa TANDEN na atakuwa kwenye nafasi hiyo ya uongozi kwa muda wa miaka 2, lakini anaweza kuchaguliwa tena baada ya muda huo kumalizika. Baada ya kuwa madarakani kwa awamu mbili, kiongozi hataruhusiwa kugombea mpaka iwe imepita awamu moja bila yeye kuwa madarakani.
  • Atakuwa ndiye msimamizi ya masuala yote ya uchumi na fedha na mali za chama
  • Atatoa taarifa zote kuhusu mapato na matumizi ya chama
  • Atatakiwa kuleta majina ya wanachama ambao hawajalipa ada zao za mwaka kwenye kikao cha kamati kuu ya TANDEN

  SEHEMU YA NNE VIKAO VYA CHAMA
  I: TANDEN itakuwa na Vikao vifuatavyo:
  (1) Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN
  (2) Kamati Kuu ya TANDEN
  (3) Mkutano wa dharura

  Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN utakuwa ndicho Kikao Kikuu cha TANDEN kupita vyote na ndicho kitakachokuwa na madaraka ya mwisho.
  Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN utafanya mikutano yake ya kawaida mara mbili kwa mwaka. Mikutano huu utafanyika wiki ya pili ya mwezi Mei na wiki ya pili ya mwezi Novemba . Lakini mkutano usiokuwa wa kawaida (dharura) unaweza kufanyika wakati wowote ukiitwa na Mwenyekiti wa TANDEN au ukiombwa na theluthi mbili ya wanachama wote wa TANDEN.

  Taarifa ya Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN ni lazima itolewe si chini ya mwezi mmoja kabla ya tarehe ya kukutana. Lakini inaweza kutolewa taarifa ya muda mfupi zaidi ya huo ikiwa unafanyika mkutano usiokuwa wa kawaida (dharura).

  Mwenyekiti wa Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN atakuwa ni Mwenyekiti wa TANDEN na asipoweza kuhudhuria, mmoja wa viongozi wakuu yaani katibu au mweka hazina ataongoza Mkutano huo. Iwapo itatokea kwamba wote watatu hawawezi kuhudhuria Mkutano huo, Kamati Kuu ya TANDEN itamchagua Mjumbe mwingine yeyote miongoni mwao kuwa Mwenyekiti wa muda wa Mkutano huo kwa ajili ya shughuli hiyo. Kamati Kuu ya TANDEN inaweza kukutana hata kama viongozi wote wakuu wa chama hawapo.

  II: Kazi za Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN zitakuwa zifuatazo:-
  (1) Kupokea na kufikiria taarifa ya kazi za TANDEN iliyotolewa na kamati Kuu ya TANDEN na kutoa maelekezo ya mipango na utekelezaji wa malengo ya TANDEN kwa kipindi kijacho.
  (2) Kuthibitisha, kubadili, kukataa au kuvunja uamuzi wowote uliotolewa na kikao chochote cha chini yake au na mkuu yeyote wa TANDEN.
  (3) Kubadili sehemu yoyote ya Katiba ya TANDEN kwa uamuzi wa theluthi mbili za Wajumbe walio na haki ya kupiga kura.
  (4) Unapofika wakati wa uchaguzi, Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN utashughulikia mambo yafuatayo:-
  (a) Kuwachagua Mwenyekiti, Katibu na Mwekahazina wa TANDEN.
  (b) Kuunda Kamati za Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN kwa kadri itakavyoonekana inafaa.

  III: Mkutano wa kamati kuu ya TANDEN utakuwa na wajumbe wafuatao:-
  (a) Mwenyekiti wa TANDEN.
  (b) Katibu mkuu wa TANDEN
  (c) Mwekahazina wa TANDEN
  (d) Wenyeviti wote wa kamati za TANDEN.
  (f) Wawakilishi kutoka Fyn na Jylland

  IV: Vikao vya Kamati kuu ya TANDEN
  (1) Kamati Kuu ya TANDEN itafanya mikutano yake ya kawaida mara moja kila baada ya miezi minne, lakini inaweza kufanya mkutano usiokuwa wa kawaida (dharura) wakati wowote endapo itatokea haja ya kufanya hivyo au kwa maagizo ya kikao cha juu.
  (2) Katika mikutano yote ya Kamati Kuu ya TANDEN, uamuzi utafikiwa kwa makubaliano ya jumla, au kwa wingi wa kura za Wajumbe waliohudhuria na kupiga kura. Uamuzi huo ni lazima upitishwe kwa azimio lililoungwa mkono na theluthi mbili ya kura za Wajumbe wote.
  (3) Mwenyekiti wa TANDEN atakuwa Mwenyekiti wa Mkutano wa kamati Kuu ya TANDEN, lakini Mwenyekiti wa TANDEN asipoweza kuhudhuria, mmoja wa wa viongozi wakuu wa TANDEN atakuwa Mwenyekiti wa muda wa Mkutano huo.

  V: Kazi za kamati Kuu ya TANDEN
  (1) Kuandaa Katiba, Kanuni na kuweka taratibu za kuongoza shughuli mbalimbali
  za TANDEN.
  (2) Kuandaa Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN
  (3) Kushughulikia uhusiano kati ya TANDEN na Jumuiya mbalimbali kama vile jumuia za watanzania wanaoishi nchi za nje.
  (4) Kutengeneza na kurekebisha Muundo wa TANDEN katika maeneo na nyanja mbalimbali kwa kadri itakavyoonekana inafaa.
  (5) Kupendekeza kumsimamisha uongozi kiongozi wa TANDEN iwapo mwenendo na utendaji wake wa kazi vitamwondolea sifa za uongozi. Hata hivyo Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN ndio utakaokuwa na uamuzi wa mwisho kuhusu kumsimamisha uongozi kiongozi wa TANDEN.
  (6) Kupendekeza kumsimamisha uanachama mwanachama yeyote iwapo atashindwa kutimiza masharti ya kuwa mwanachama. Hata hivyo Mkutano Mkuu wa TANDEN ndio utakaokuwa na maamuzi ya mwisho kuhusu kumsimamisha uanachama mwanachama wa TANDEN.

  VI: Kiwango cha Mahudhurio katika kufikia Uamuzi
  Kiwango cha Kura katika kufikia Uamuzi wowote au kujaza nafasi zikiwa wazi ni zaidi asilimia 50 ya wanachama wote.

  VII: Kujiuzulu Uongozi, Uanachama na Ujumbe wa Kikao
  (1) Mwanachama anayetaka kujiuzulu atafanya hivyo kwa kuandika barua ya kujiuzulu kwake na kuipeleka kwa katibu wa chama.
  (2) Kiongozi anayetaka kujiuzulu atafanya hivyo kwa kuandika barua ya kujiuzulu kwake na kuipeleka kwa Kiongozi wa chama.
  (3) Kwa kutangaza uamuzi wa kujiuzulu kwake mbele ya kikao kilichomchagua.
  (4) Mjumbe yeyote wa kikao chochote kilichowekwa na Katiba hii ataacha kuwa Mjumbe wa kikao hicho iwapo hatahudhuria mikutano mitatu mfululizo ya kikao chake
  isipokuwa kama ni kwa sababu zinazokubaliwa na kikao chenyewe.
  

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